In 2010 a new initiative called the Joint Financial Arrangement between the Palestinian Authority and five European member states — Belgium, Finland, Germany, Ireland and Norway — was launched to support the education sector in Palestine. The specific job given to Ireland was to focus on curriculum development and basic education as the lead nation on textbook development. According to a study by IMPACT-se, a non-profit organization that monitors the content of school textbooks worldwide for how they measure up to Unesco and UN standards for peace and tolerance, the extraordinary result is that bad though the old curriculum of the Palestinian Authority was, that introduced between 2016 and 2018 is much worse.